What is it?
A hydrocele is a collection of fluid around the testis, causing a smooth, painless swelling of the scrotum. It is very common in newborn boys.
Common symptoms
- Smooth, painless scrotal swelling on one or both sides
- Swelling may change in size through the day
- The scrotum may look shiny or feel like a small water balloon
Causes
The channel between the tummy and the scrotum did not close fully before birth, allowing fluid to collect.
When should parents consult a surgeon?
- • The swelling persists beyond one to two years of age
- • It suddenly becomes larger, hard or painful
- • There is redness, fever or vomiting
How is it diagnosed?
Clinical examination, sometimes with a light test or an ultrasound to distinguish it from a hernia.
Treatment options
- Most hydroceles in infants resolve on their own in the first one to two years
- Surgery if it persists, grows, or is associated with a hernia
When surgery may be required
Surgery is advised if the hydrocele is still present after about two years of age or if it keeps increasing in size.
What happens during surgery
A small incision in the groin is used to close the channel and drain the fluid. It is a day-care procedure under general anaesthesia.
Recovery
Mild swelling settles over a few weeks. Normal activity resumes in a few days, with sports avoided for two to three weeks.
Frequently asked questions
Will a hydrocele affect fertility later?
A simple hydrocele treated appropriately does not affect future fertility.
Can medicine dry up the fluid?
No. It either resolves naturally in infancy or needs a small operation.
This page is general information for parents and does not replace a consultation. Every child is different — please have your child examined before deciding on treatment.