What is it?
During pregnancy the testes travel from the tummy into the scrotum. In some boys one or both do not complete this journey. Early treatment protects future fertility and health.
Common symptoms
- One or both sides of the scrotum feel empty
- The testis may be felt in the groin, or not felt at all
- The scrotum may look smaller or underdeveloped on one side
Causes
A developmental issue during pregnancy. It is more common in babies born prematurely.
When should parents consult a surgeon?
- • The scrotum feels empty at any routine check
- • The testis has not come down by six months of age
- • A previously normal testis seems to have moved up
How is it diagnosed?
Careful clinical examination by a paediatric surgeon. Imaging or laparoscopy may be needed if the testis cannot be felt.
Treatment options
- Observation until about six months of age, as some descend naturally
- Surgery (orchidopexy) to bring the testis into the scrotum and fix it there
- Laparoscopy when the testis is inside the abdomen
When surgery may be required
Ideally between six and eighteen months of age. Earlier surgery gives better protection for fertility and lowers later health risks.
What happens during surgery
Through a small groin incision (or laparoscopically), the testis is freed and placed into the scrotum. It is usually a day-care procedure.
Recovery
Most children are comfortable within a day or two and return to normal activity within a week. A follow-up check confirms the testis is growing well.
Frequently asked questions
Does it fix itself if we wait?
Descent can happen in the first few months, but rarely after six months. Waiting longer is not advised.
Will one testis be enough?
Many boys with one healthy testis have normal hormones and fertility, but treating both sides when possible is always preferred.
This page is general information for parents and does not replace a consultation. Every child is different — please have your child examined before deciding on treatment.